Some residents of Tehran on Sunday chanted slogans against the religious leadership from their balconies and windows, according to reports, following large demonstrations organized by Iranians in Europe and North America opposing the government.

The Islamic Republic, led by Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, experienced major protest movements that peaked in January before being violently suppressed by security forces in a crackdown that human rights organizations say killed thousands.

While street protests subsided due to repression, residents of Tehran and other cities began last week chanting slogans against the religious leadership from inside their homes and apartments.

On Sunday, residents in the Ekbatan neighborhood in eastern Tehran shouted "Death to Khamenei," "Death to the Islamic Republic," and "Long live the Shah," according to the local monitoring account "Shahrak Ekbatan" on the X platform.

Protesters supporting the Iranian protests in the United States. (AFP)

Reza Pahlavi, the son of Iran’s former Shah, who lives in exile in the United States, called on Iranians both inside and outside the country to express their opposition to the government, alongside demonstrations supporting the protest movement held over the weekend in several countries.

According to police, about 250,000 people took part in a major demonstration on Saturday in Munich, southern Germany, during which Pahlavi delivered a speech announcing his readiness to lead the country toward a "democratic and secular" future.

Large demonstrations were also held in Los Angeles, Melbourne, and Toronto.

Pahlavi’s office posted on X that more than a million people participated in protests around the world, though the exact number could not be immediately verified.

Addressing protesters in Munich, Pahlavi described the mobilization as the largest of its kind in years. He appeared alongside his sister Farahnaz.

Iran International, a Persian-language television channel broadcasting from outside Iran, reported that anti-government slogans were also raised in other parts of Tehran, showing footage of people shouting "This is the final battle, Pahlavi is coming back" and "Death to the Guard," referring to the Iranian Revolutionary Guard.

The channel also reported anti-government chants in other cities, including Shiraz in southern Iran and Arak in central Iran.

Agence France-Presse (AFP) could not immediately verify the authenticity of the video recordings.

These developments come two days ahead of the second round of Iranian-American talks in Geneva, mediated by Oman.

Iran insists that the negotiations focus solely on its nuclear program, which Western countries suspect is aimed at developing a nuclear weapon—a claim Tehran consistently denies. In contrast, U.S. and Western officials have said that any agreement with the Islamic Republic should also address its ballistic missile program and its support for armed groups in the region hostile to Israel.

The talks are seen as pivotal in determining whether Washington will take military action against Iran.

The U.S.-based non-governmental organization Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) reports that more than 7,000 people, mostly protesters, were killed during the crackdown.

The organization also notes that over 53,000 people were detained in connection with the protests.